The first signs of Huntington’s disease are often subtle changes in coordination, such as clumsiness or trouble with balance. You may also begin to notice changes in thinking, such as difficulty focusing, making decisions, and problem-solving.
The condition typically worsens over time and can cause physical symptoms, such as:
- uncontrolled movements
- difficulty walking
- unusual eye movements
- slurred speech
- difficulty eating
- insomnia
- fatigue
It can also affect your mood and cause you to feel:
- irritable
- uninterested in usual activities
- uninterested in socializing or being active
- apathetic
- depressed
- frustrated
As the disease progresses, symptoms tend to become more intense and noticeable.
To diagnose Huntington’s disease, a doctor will typically use
They will begin by asking you about your medical history and if you have a family history of the condition. This can also help them rule out any other conditions that may be causing your symptoms.
They may also perform a neurological exam, which will involve checking your reflexes, balance, and thinking skills.
If both these tests are inconclusive, a doctor may use diagnostic imaging. This is where tests like a CT scan are used to check the brain for any changes that may indicate Huntington’s disease.
Huntington’s disease is a progressive condition that currently does not have a cure. However, there are various effective treatment options that can help you manage symptoms.
This can include taking medication to help alleviate symptoms, such as:
- vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, which can help treat involuntary movements
- antidepressants to help with any mood changes
There are also several management options that can help to improve overall quality of life, such as:
- physical therapy, to help with mobility and balance
- speech therapy, to help with trouble speaking
- home modifications, such as installing handrails for support
- assistive devices, such as canes or a wheelchair, to help you move around more easily